Whether you’re shading a lifelike portrait or filling in a standardized test, the right pencil grade makes all the difference. But what do “HB,” “2B,” or “4H” even mean?
In this guide, we’ll break down the graphite pencil grading scale, help you choose the perfect grade for your needs, and compare options for artists, students, and professionals.
What Do Graphite Pencil Grades Mean?
Graphite pencil grades are categorized by their hardness and darkness. The scale typically ranges from 9H (hardest) to 9B (softest). The letter “H” stands for “hard,” producing lighter marks, while “B” stands for “black,” making darker and softer strokes. “HB” sits in the middle and is the most balanced grade.
| Grade | Description | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| 9H–2H | Very hard, light marks | Technical drawing, fine details |
| H | Hard | Drafting |
| HB | Medium hardness | General writing |
| B | Soft, dark | Writing, light sketching |
| 2B–9B | Very soft, dark | Shading, expressive drawing |
Graphite Grades for Drawing
Artists typically use a range of B pencils for depth and tone. A 2B or 4B pencil is great for sketching, while 6B to 9B are ideal for deep shadows and textures.
Need help deciding which drawing tools to pair with your pencils? Check out our best colored pencils for artists to elevate your mixed media work.
Graphite Grades for Writing
For note-taking, schoolwork, or exams, HB or 2B pencils are your best bet. They provide enough darkness to be easily visible without smudging. That’s why the HB No. 2 pencil has remained the classroom favorite for generations. Learn why it’s still the top choice in our article on why the HB No. 2 remains unbeatable.
Want an even more precise writing tool? Read our breakdown of mechanical vs traditional pencils to help you choose.
Using Graphite Grades for Shading Techniques
Professional illustrators use graphite gradients to build realism. Start with H grades for outlines and layering, then progress to B grades for shadows.
Master shading techniques in our charcoal pencil guide for dramatic art.
Must-Have Accessories for Graphite Pencils
- Ergonomic grips: Reduce hand fatigue during long drawing or writing sessions. Find the right ones in our article on ergonomic pencil grips.
- Pencil holders & cases: Keep your entire pencil set safe and organized. See our top picks for pencil cases and holders.
Final Thoughts
Understanding pencil grades isn’t just for artists or engineers—it’s the key to getting the results you want on paper. Whether you’re writing lecture notes or creating a graphite portrait, the right grade can elevate your work from average to outstanding.
